Roden 1/72 Heinkel He 111B Pedro 1937/38 Spanish Civil War ROD005

Only a few planes in WWII aviation history deserved to be called "Great". One of them was the Heinkel He-111. The unsuccessful debut of the first production version of the He 111A was not a disappointment for Ernst Heinkel even though the aircraft was fitted with BMW VI engine, which caused the aircraft to be under powered. The Last of the five pre-production prototypes, He 111V5, was equipped with the new DB 600 engine. The aircraft competed its first take-off in May of 1936. With a full military load it reached a maximum cruising speed of 340 km/h (211 mph), and these results were considered very successful at the time.

The RLM immediately ordered the first production batch; the first production samples being delivered to KG 154 "Boelcke". At the same time, in August of 1936, the Spanish Civil War began. The Republican Government received military help from the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy, together they gave support to general Franko and his rebels. The Aviation part of this support consisted of a special group named the "Legion Condor". At first, the "Legion Condor" received only Ju 52 transport planes; because Germany declared that its support would be non-military in nature. But during this time the republicans had obtained new soviet-built bombers, which they called "Katyushka" (well known as the Tupolev SB), and Hermann Goring insisted on testing one of the new German bombers in real war conditions. The Spanish Civil War was an excellent occasion for trials concerning the new-generation of planes; the He 111B,Do 17E, and Ju 86D.

During February of 1937 the first four He 111B-1's as well as the Do 17E and Ju 86D arrived from Hamburg. These bombers made up the " Versuchsbomberstaffel" (Experimental Bomber squadron) and operated in the K/88 bomb group. In a short time the He 111B had won a reputation as the "Best of the bombers", and was separated and put into an individual sub-flight with the semi-official name "Pedro". This name would have all the planes together with individual aircraft numbers.

In March 1937 the "Pedro's" achieved their first success in battle, when attacking a Republican airfield near Alcals de Henares. The group destroyed 24 enemy planes on the ground. Later the "Pedro's" took part in the famous raid on Guernica, which came into history as a symbol of brutality and cruelty, more than 1,500 civilians were killed.

The He 111B served in the "Legion Condor" until mid 1938, when they were re-equipped with the more modern He 111E. The majority of the He 111B's were lost in action; others were withdrawn from service in connection with a considerable amount of damage.

The bloody experience of the Spanish War confirmed that the He 111 would have a potential for large battle campaigns. Massive serial production started in the Dornierwerke (at Wismar), Arado Flugzlugwerke (at Babelsberg), and Algemeine Transportgesell-shaft (in Leipzig); besides, the new Heinkel plant was quickly built at Oranienburg (near North Berlin). Less than a year later, weekly production of He 111 would be 100 aircraft. From the first days of World War II until the end, the He 111 would be the main Luftwaffe medium bomber. History courtesy of the instructions.

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